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NIGERIA - Exploration History.
Publication: APS Review Gas Market Trends
Date: Monday, August 2 1999
You are viewing page 1
It was in 1908 that a German company, Nigerian Bitumen Corp., began exploring for oil in Nigeria. It operated in the Araromi area, of the present Ondo State, 200 km east of Lagos. The company abandoned its dry, shallow wells there at the start of World War I in 1914. In 1936, Shell D'Arcy was
granted sole rights to explore for hydrocarbons all over Nigeria and prospecting began in 1937. Shell's activities were interrupted by World War II.
Less than two years after World War II ended, Shell in 1947 teamed up with British Petroleum to form a Shell-BP unit in Nigeria. The group discovered oil in 1956 at Oloibiri in the Niger Delta, and production began in 1958 at the rate of 5,100 b/d which was mostly exported. The group realised later that pay zones lay below 1,500 metres. As Nigeria gained independence in 1960, a new government in Lagos limited the group's concession area and invited other companies to explore for oil. They were offered both onshore and offshore blocks.
By 1961, Mobil, Agip, Gulf Oil (now Chevron), Safrap (now Elf), Amoseas (now Texaco/Chevron), Tenneco and others had begun exploration activities both onshore and offshore. Most of them were later to be more successful in offshore areas, while the Shell group had the best onshore fields. The pace of oil discoveries picked up in the subsequent years. Eventually, however, BP left Nigeria and Shell teamed up with other companies (see profiles in Part 2). BP returned to Nigeria 15 years later, in 1993, and signed with Statoil for PSAs to explore deep-water prospects (see above).
A former colony, then a British protectorate from 1914, Nigeria gained its independence from Britain on Oct. 1, 1960. But the Eastern Region seceded on May 30, 1967, leading to a civil war. The self-proclaimed Republic of Biafra was crushed in early 1970. In 1971, as oil became more important to the economy, the state established the Nigerian National Oil Corp. (NNOC) and joined OPEC as the 11th member. It acquired 33 1/3% in Nigerian Agip and 35% in Elf. NNOC ran as an upstream and downstream company and the petroleum ministry had a regulatory function. On April 1, 1977, a merger between NNOC and the ministry created Nigerian National Petroleum Corp. (NNPC). This was to combine the ministry's regulatory role and NNOC's commercial functions: exploration, production, transportation, processing, oil refining and marketing.
The regulatory role was later to be assumed by the Petroleum Inspectorate, a unit of NNPC. But decision makers at NNPC have changed frequently as there have been seven military coups from 1960 to Gen. Abacha's takeover in November 1993, with the only civilian regimes being the Second Republic in 1979-83 and the current one since May 29, 1999. In particular after 1972, every new military ruler wanted to control the oil sector and NNPC's management was affected in one way or another.
Through the years, NNPC has been active in seismic exploration onshore and offshore. Its seismic crew, known as Party X, has made several discoveries such as a field in block OPL-110 in the Niger Delta, the Oredo field, etc. It also carried out work on contract for Phillips Petroleum and other E&P companies in the Chad, Anambra and Benue Basins. But NNPC has depended on the technological capabilities of the major operators, like Shell, Mobil, Gulf (Chevron) and others, which produced the bulk of Nigerian oil and did most of the exploration work.
1 2 Next Page
In addition, make sure to read these articles:
Credit for Hybrid Vehicles
Last night I watched the DVD version of U-571 , a sea adventure in the spirit of the classic World War II films of the ......
Texaco and Statoil Announce Major Deepwater...
HOUSTON--(BUSINESS WIRE)--March 9, 1999--Texaco (NYSE:TX) and Statoil have announced a wildcat discovery on Offshore Prospecting Lease (OPL) Block 218, which is located in the deep ......
American Petro-Hunter Appoints Barry Whelan...
Business Editors TULSA, Okla.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Sept. 11, 2001 Patrick McGowan, President & C.E.O. of American Petro-Hunter Inc. (OTCBB:AAPH) is pleased to announce the appointment of Mr....
NIGERIA - Biofuels.
Engineer Funso Kupolokun, group managing director of the state-owned Nigerian National Petroleum Corp (NNPC), on July 18 was quoted as saying Nigeria introduced biofuels into ......
NIGERIA - NNPC Structure.
NNPC was formed in 1977 from a merger of the state-owned Nigerian National Oil Corp. and the former ministry of petroleum resources. NNPC's superstructure consists ......
NIGERIA - NNPC Structure.
NNPC was formed in 1977 from a merger of the state-owned Nigerian National Oil Corp. and the former ministry of petroleum resources. NNPC's superstructure consists ......
NIGERIA - NNPC Structure.
NNPC was formed in 1977 from a merger of the state-owned Nigerian National Oil Corp. and the former ministry of petroleum resources. NNPC's superstructure consists ......
NIGERIA - NNPC Structure.
NNPC was formed in 1977 from a merger of the state-owned Nigerian National Oil Corp. and a former version of the ministry of petroleum resources....
SUDAN - The Nigeria Factor.
What the government of Nigeria will do will have major implications for the IOCs, including state-owned IOCs from Asia and Latin America which are ......
NIGERIA - Part 1 - The Prospects & Geology.
Nigeria's sustainable oil production capacity exceeds 2.75m b/d, excluding condensates. Actual oil production is averaging 2.5m b/d, with most of the difference being shut-in capacity ......
NIGERIA - The NLNG Background.
Nigeria's LNG venture was first conceived in the 1960s. It was delayed continuously and Shell, the project leader, faced countless problems in Nigeria including a ......
NIGERIA - Exploration.
Onshore exploration and drilling in Nigeria have declined due to state funding problems in recent years. While deep-water and frontier exploration in Nigeria involves production ......
NIGERIA - Exploration.
Onshore exploration and drilling in Nigeria have declined due to state funding problems in recent years. While deep-water and frontier exploration in Nigeria involves production ......
More Related Topics:
Industries:
Oil Exploration , Oil & Gas Extraction , Petroleum Products , Energy & Utility Regulation & Policy ,
Subjects:
Energy Departments , Takeovers ,
Geographies:
Lagos, Nigeria , Germany , Niger , United Kingdom T T T Print Email Digg It del.icio.us
Related Resources
Press Releases
PGS Selected to Promote License Round in West Africa.
Business/Energy Editors HOUSTON & OSLO, Norway--(BUSINESS WIRE)--May 4, 2001 Petroleum Geo-Services ASA (NYSE:PGO) (OSE:PGS) has entered into an exclusive agreement with the Government of Sao ......
Abacan Moves Closer To Production.
CALGARY, Alberta--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Nov. 1, 1995-- The signing of a formal agreement with Schlumberger Overseas S.A. and Sedco Forex International Inc. and Nigerian partner Amni International ......
Correcting...RETRANSMISSION: NTI Resources Limited -Further Update on NTI's Nigerian Acquisition.
CALGARY, Alberta--(BUSINESS WIRE)--March 21, 1997--NTI Resources Limited (Alberta Stock Exchange: NTI) NTI Resources Limited is pleased to announce, further to its press release on March ......
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Last night I watched the DVD version of U-571 , a sea adventure in the spirit of the classic World War II films of the ...
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NIGERIA: PLANS FOR $1,000,000,000 OFFSHORE OIL FIELD DEVELOPMENT PROJECT, SHELL PETROLEUM DEVELOPMENT CO. [NIGERIA/NETHERLANDS-UK] - Order #: 126099.
PROJECT OVERVIEW The ROYAL DUTCH/SHELL GROUP of the Netherlands/UK recently announced the nature and scope of its planned $8,500,000,000 investment plans for Nigeria. In so ...
NIGERIA: Joint venture construction start-up on proposed $6,000,000,000 liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant is tentatively scheduled to begin in 2006, NIGERIAN NATIONAL PETROLEUM CORP. (NNPC) [Nigeria], CHEVRONTEXACO...
PROJECT OVERVIEW: Oil-rich Nigeria is believed to be even richer in natural gas, with proven reserves exceeding 170 trillion cubic feet, most of it barely ...
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Media K
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How to Turn Your B...
Small Business Suc...
Are You Ready to S...
Wishful Thinking: ...
Checkup on Health ...
Is the End of the ...
How to Market Wise...
NIGERIA - Exploration History.
Publication: APS Review Gas Market Trends
Date: Monday, August 2 1999
You are viewing page 1
It was in 1908 that a German company, Nigerian Bitumen Corp., began exploring for oil in Nigeria. It operated in the Araromi area, of the present Ondo State, 200 km east of Lagos. The company abandoned its dry, shallow wells there at the start of World War I in 1914. In 1936, Shell D'Arcy was
granted sole rights to explore for hydrocarbons all over Nigeria and prospecting began in 1937. Shell's activities were interrupted by World War II.
Less than two years after World War II ended, Shell in 1947 teamed up with British Petroleum to form a Shell-BP unit in Nigeria. The group discovered oil in 1956 at Oloibiri in the Niger Delta, and production began in 1958 at the rate of 5,100 b/d which was mostly exported. The group realised later that pay zones lay below 1,500 metres. As Nigeria gained independence in 1960, a new government in Lagos limited the group's concession area and invited other companies to explore for oil. They were offered both onshore and offshore blocks.
By 1961, Mobil, Agip, Gulf Oil (now Chevron), Safrap (now Elf), Amoseas (now Texaco/Chevron), Tenneco and others had begun exploration activities both onshore and offshore. Most of them were later to be more successful in offshore areas, while the Shell group had the best onshore fields. The pace of oil discoveries picked up in the subsequent years. Eventually, however, BP left Nigeria and Shell teamed up with other companies (see profiles in Part 2). BP returned to Nigeria 15 years later, in 1993, and signed with Statoil for PSAs to explore deep-water prospects (see above).
A former colony, then a British protectorate from 1914, Nigeria gained its independence from Britain on Oct. 1, 1960. But the Eastern Region seceded on May 30, 1967, leading to a civil war. The self-proclaimed Republic of Biafra was crushed in early 1970. In 1971, as oil became more important to the economy, the state established the Nigerian National Oil Corp. (NNOC) and joined OPEC as the 11th member. It acquired 33 1/3% in Nigerian Agip and 35% in Elf. NNOC ran as an upstream and downstream company and the petroleum ministry had a regulatory function. On April 1, 1977, a merger between NNOC and the ministry created Nigerian National Petroleum Corp. (NNPC). This was to combine the ministry's regulatory role and NNOC's commercial functions: exploration, production, transportation, processing, oil refining and marketing.
The regulatory role was later to be assumed by the Petroleum Inspectorate, a unit of NNPC. But decision makers at NNPC have changed frequently as there have been seven military coups from 1960 to Gen. Abacha's takeover in November 1993, with the only civilian regimes being the Second Republic in 1979-83 and the current one since May 29, 1999. In particular after 1972, every new military ruler wanted to control the oil sector and NNPC's management was affected in one way or another.
Through the years, NNPC has been active in seismic exploration onshore and offshore. Its seismic crew, known as Party X, has made several discoveries such as a field in block OPL-110 in the Niger Delta, the Oredo field, etc. It also carried out work on contract for Phillips Petroleum and other E&P companies in the Chad, Anambra and Benue Basins. But NNPC has depended on the technological capabilities of the major operators, like Shell, Mobil, Gulf (Chevron) and others, which produced the bulk of Nigerian oil and did most of the exploration work.
1 2 Next Page
In addition, make sure to read these articles:
Credit for Hybrid Vehicles
Last night I watched the DVD version of U-571 , a sea adventure in the spirit of the classic World War II films of the ......
Texaco and Statoil Announce Major Deepwater...
HOUSTON--(BUSINESS WIRE)--March 9, 1999--Texaco (NYSE:TX) and Statoil have announced a wildcat discovery on Offshore Prospecting Lease (OPL) Block 218, which is located in the deep ......
American Petro-Hunter Appoints Barry Whelan...
Business Editors TULSA, Okla.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Sept. 11, 2001 Patrick McGowan, President & C.E.O. of American Petro-Hunter Inc. (OTCBB:AAPH) is pleased to announce the appointment of Mr....
NIGERIA - Biofuels.
Engineer Funso Kupolokun, group managing director of the state-owned Nigerian National Petroleum Corp (NNPC), on July 18 was quoted as saying Nigeria introduced biofuels into ......
NIGERIA - NNPC Structure.
NNPC was formed in 1977 from a merger of the state-owned Nigerian National Oil Corp. and the former ministry of petroleum resources. NNPC's superstructure consists ......
NIGERIA - NNPC Structure.
NNPC was formed in 1977 from a merger of the state-owned Nigerian National Oil Corp. and the former ministry of petroleum resources. NNPC's superstructure consists ......
NIGERIA - NNPC Structure.
NNPC was formed in 1977 from a merger of the state-owned Nigerian National Oil Corp. and the former ministry of petroleum resources. NNPC's superstructure consists ......
NIGERIA - NNPC Structure.
NNPC was formed in 1977 from a merger of the state-owned Nigerian National Oil Corp. and a former version of the ministry of petroleum resources....
SUDAN - The Nigeria Factor.
What the government of Nigeria will do will have major implications for the IOCs, including state-owned IOCs from Asia and Latin America which are ......
NIGERIA - Part 1 - The Prospects & Geology.
Nigeria's sustainable oil production capacity exceeds 2.75m b/d, excluding condensates. Actual oil production is averaging 2.5m b/d, with most of the difference being shut-in capacity ......
NIGERIA - The NLNG Background.
Nigeria's LNG venture was first conceived in the 1960s. It was delayed continuously and Shell, the project leader, faced countless problems in Nigeria including a ......
NIGERIA - Exploration.
Onshore exploration and drilling in Nigeria have declined due to state funding problems in recent years. While deep-water and frontier exploration in Nigeria involves production ......
NIGERIA - Exploration.
Onshore exploration and drilling in Nigeria have declined due to state funding problems in recent years. While deep-water and frontier exploration in Nigeria involves production ......
More Related Topics:
Industries:
Oil Exploration , Oil & Gas Extraction , Petroleum Products , Energy & Utility Regulation & Policy ,
Subjects:
Energy Departments , Takeovers ,
Geographies:
Lagos, Nigeria , Germany , Niger , United Kingdom T T T Print Email Digg It del.icio.us
Related Resources
Press Releases
PGS Selected to Promote License Round in West Africa.
Business/Energy Editors HOUSTON & OSLO, Norway--(BUSINESS WIRE)--May 4, 2001 Petroleum Geo-Services ASA (NYSE:PGO) (OSE:PGS) has entered into an exclusive agreement with the Government of Sao ......
Abacan Moves Closer To Production.
CALGARY, Alberta--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Nov. 1, 1995-- The signing of a formal agreement with Schlumberger Overseas S.A. and Sedco Forex International Inc. and Nigerian partner Amni International ......
Correcting...RETRANSMISSION: NTI Resources Limited -Further Update on NTI's Nigerian Acquisition.
CALGARY, Alberta--(BUSINESS WIRE)--March 21, 1997--NTI Resources Limited (Alberta Stock Exchange: NTI) NTI Resources Limited is pleased to announce, further to its press release on March ......
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Credit for Hybrid Vehicles
Last night I watched the DVD version of U-571 , a sea adventure in the spirit of the classic World War II films of the ...
Read More Premium Content
NIGERIA: PLANS FOR $1,000,000,000 OFFSHORE OIL FIELD DEVELOPMENT PROJECT, SHELL PETROLEUM DEVELOPMENT CO. [NIGERIA/NETHERLANDS-UK] - Order #: 126099.
PROJECT OVERVIEW The ROYAL DUTCH/SHELL GROUP of the Netherlands/UK recently announced the nature and scope of its planned $8,500,000,000 investment plans for Nigeria. In so ...
NIGERIA: Joint venture construction start-up on proposed $6,000,000,000 liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant is tentatively scheduled to begin in 2006, NIGERIAN NATIONAL PETROLEUM CORP. (NNPC) [Nigeria], CHEVRONTEXACO...
PROJECT OVERVIEW: Oil-rich Nigeria is believed to be even richer in natural gas, with proven reserves exceeding 170 trillion cubic feet, most of it barely ...
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How to Turn Your B...
Small Business Suc...
Are You Ready to S...
Wishful Thinking: ...
Checkup on Health ...
Is the End of the ...
How to Market Wise...
NIGERIA - Exploration History.
Publication: APS Review Gas Market Trends
Date: Monday, August 2 1999
You are viewing page 1
It was in 1908 that a German company, Nigerian Bitumen Corp., began exploring for oil in Nigeria. It operated in the Araromi area, of the present Ondo State, 200 km east of Lagos. The company abandoned its dry, shallow wells there at the start of World War I in 1914. In 1936, Shell D'Arcy was
granted sole rights to explore for hydrocarbons all over Nigeria and prospecting began in 1937. Shell's activities were interrupted by World War II.
Less than two years after World War II ended, Shell in 1947 teamed up with British Petroleum to form a Shell-BP unit in Nigeria. The group discovered oil in 1956 at Oloibiri in the Niger Delta, and production began in 1958 at the rate of 5,100 b/d which was mostly exported. The group realised later that pay zones lay below 1,500 metres. As Nigeria gained independence in 1960, a new government in Lagos limited the group's concession area and invited other companies to explore for oil. They were offered both onshore and offshore blocks.
By 1961, Mobil, Agip, Gulf Oil (now Chevron), Safrap (now Elf), Amoseas (now Texaco/Chevron), Tenneco and others had begun exploration activities both onshore and offshore. Most of them were later to be more successful in offshore areas, while the Shell group had the best onshore fields. The pace of oil discoveries picked up in the subsequent years. Eventually, however, BP left Nigeria and Shell teamed up with other companies (see profiles in Part 2). BP returned to Nigeria 15 years later, in 1993, and signed with Statoil for PSAs to explore deep-water prospects (see above).
A former colony, then a British protectorate from 1914, Nigeria gained its independence from Britain on Oct. 1, 1960. But the Eastern Region seceded on May 30, 1967, leading to a civil war. The self-proclaimed Republic of Biafra was crushed in early 1970. In 1971, as oil became more important to the economy, the state established the Nigerian National Oil Corp. (NNOC) and joined OPEC as the 11th member. It acquired 33 1/3% in Nigerian Agip and 35% in Elf. NNOC ran as an upstream and downstream company and the petroleum ministry had a regulatory function. On April 1, 1977, a merger between NNOC and the ministry created Nigerian National Petroleum Corp. (NNPC). This was to combine the ministry's regulatory role and NNOC's commercial functions: exploration, production, transportation, processing, oil refining and marketing.
The regulatory role was later to be assumed by the Petroleum Inspectorate, a unit of NNPC. But decision makers at NNPC have changed frequently as there have been seven military coups from 1960 to Gen. Abacha's takeover in November 1993, with the only civilian regimes being the Second Republic in 1979-83 and the current one since May 29, 1999. In particular after 1972, every new military ruler wanted to control the oil sector and NNPC's management was affected in one way or another.
Through the years, NNPC has been active in seismic exploration onshore and offshore. Its seismic crew, known as Party X, has made several discoveries such as a field in block OPL-110 in the Niger Delta, the Oredo field, etc. It also carried out work on contract for Phillips Petroleum and other E&P companies in the Chad, Anambra and Benue Basins. But NNPC has depended on the technological capabilities of the major operators, like Shell, Mobil, Gulf (Chevron) and others, which produced the bulk of Nigerian oil and did most of the exploration work.
1 2 Next Page
In addition, make sure to read these articles:
Credit for Hybrid Vehicles
Last night I watched the DVD version of U-571 , a sea adventure in the spirit of the classic World War II films of the ......
Texaco and Statoil Announce Major Deepwater...
HOUSTON--(BUSINESS WIRE)--March 9, 1999--Texaco (NYSE:TX) and Statoil have announced a wildcat discovery on Offshore Prospecting Lease (OPL) Block 218, which is located in the deep ......
American Petro-Hunter Appoints Barry Whelan...
Business Editors TULSA, Okla.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Sept. 11, 2001 Patrick McGowan, President & C.E.O. of American Petro-Hunter Inc. (OTCBB:AAPH) is pleased to announce the appointment of Mr....
NIGERIA - Biofuels.
Engineer Funso Kupolokun, group managing director of the state-owned Nigerian National Petroleum Corp (NNPC), on July 18 was quoted as saying Nigeria introduced biofuels into ......
NIGERIA - NNPC Structure.
NNPC was formed in 1977 from a merger of the state-owned Nigerian National Oil Corp. and the former ministry of petroleum resources. NNPC's superstructure consists ......
NIGERIA - NNPC Structure.
NNPC was formed in 1977 from a merger of the state-owned Nigerian National Oil Corp. and the former ministry of petroleum resources. NNPC's superstructure consists ......
NIGERIA - NNPC Structure.
NNPC was formed in 1977 from a merger of the state-owned Nigerian National Oil Corp. and the former ministry of petroleum resources. NNPC's superstructure consists ......
NIGERIA - NNPC Structure.
NNPC was formed in 1977 from a merger of the state-owned Nigerian National Oil Corp. and a former version of the ministry of petroleum resources....
SUDAN - The Nigeria Factor.
What the government of Nigeria will do will have major implications for the IOCs, including state-owned IOCs from Asia and Latin America which are ......
NIGERIA - Part 1 - The Prospects & Geology.
Nigeria's sustainable oil production capacity exceeds 2.75m b/d, excluding condensates. Actual oil production is averaging 2.5m b/d, with most of the difference being shut-in capacity ......
NIGERIA - The NLNG Background.
Nigeria's LNG venture was first conceived in the 1960s. It was delayed continuously and Shell, the project leader, faced countless problems in Nigeria including a ......
NIGERIA - Exploration.
Onshore exploration and drilling in Nigeria have declined due to state funding problems in recent years. While deep-water and frontier exploration in Nigeria involves production ......
NIGERIA - Exploration.
Onshore exploration and drilling in Nigeria have declined due to state funding problems in recent years. While deep-water and frontier exploration in Nigeria involves production ......
More Related Topics:
Industries:
Oil Exploration , Oil & Gas Extraction , Petroleum Products , Energy & Utility Regulation & Policy ,
Subjects:
Energy Departments , Takeovers ,
Geographies:
Lagos, Nigeria , Germany , Niger , United Kingdom T T T Print Email Digg It del.icio.us
Related Resources
Press Releases
PGS Selected to Promote License Round in West Africa.
Business/Energy Editors HOUSTON & OSLO, Norway--(BUSINESS WIRE)--May 4, 2001 Petroleum Geo-Services ASA (NYSE:PGO) (OSE:PGS) has entered into an exclusive agreement with the Government of Sao ......
Abacan Moves Closer To Production.
CALGARY, Alberta--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Nov. 1, 1995-- The signing of a formal agreement with Schlumberger Overseas S.A. and Sedco Forex International Inc. and Nigerian partner Amni International ......
Correcting...RETRANSMISSION: NTI Resources Limited -Further Update on NTI's Nigerian Acquisition.
CALGARY, Alberta--(BUSINESS WIRE)--March 21, 1997--NTI Resources Limited (Alberta Stock Exchange: NTI) NTI Resources Limited is pleased to announce, further to its press release on March ......
Related Posts
Credit for Hybrid Vehicles
Last night I watched the DVD version of U-571 , a sea adventure in the spirit of the classic World War II films of the ...
Read More Premium Content
NIGERIA: PLANS FOR $1,000,000,000 OFFSHORE OIL FIELD DEVELOPMENT PROJECT, SHELL PETROLEUM DEVELOPMENT CO. [NIGERIA/NETHERLANDS-UK] - Order #: 126099.
PROJECT OVERVIEW The ROYAL DUTCH/SHELL GROUP of the Netherlands/UK recently announced the nature and scope of its planned $8,500,000,000 investment plans for Nigeria. In so ...
NIGERIA: Joint venture construction start-up on proposed $6,000,000,000 liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant is tentatively scheduled to begin in 2006, NIGERIAN NATIONAL PETROLEUM CORP. (NNPC) [Nigeria], CHEVRONTEXACO...
PROJECT OVERVIEW: Oil-rich Nigeria is believed to be even richer in natural gas, with proven reserves exceeding 170 trillion cubic feet, most of it barely ...
Site Map | Contact Us | FAQs | About Us | RSS Directory | Sign Up for Free Newsletters | Disclosure Policy
Media K
Sign In | | Free Newsletters
D&B Credit Reports Businesses for Sale What's Your Credit Emergency? Thriving in Tough Times Trade Magazines Reduce Health Care Costs Finance Resource Center
Home Topics Bloggers Franchises Videos Podcasts Library Ask the Experts Shop Legal Forms Find Vendors Careers | Green Business | Starting a Business | Sales & Selling | Business Credit | Women in Business | Web Tools | Company Profiles Careers | Green Business | Starting a Business | Sales & Selling | Business Credit | Women in Business | Web Tools | Company Profiles Business Travel | Manufacturing | Retail | Sales | Starting a Business | Technology | > See All Topics | > See All Industries Business Intelligence | Small Business Blog | Finance | Operations | Sales | Technology | > See All AllBusiness AllStars | Franchise Directory | Buying a Franchise | Growing Your Franchise | Franchising Your Business Human Resources | Franchises | Manufacturing | Marketing & Advertising | Sales | Technology | > See All Finance | Green Business | Sales | Starting a Company | Technology | Women in Business | > See All Professional Journals | Business Answers | Company Profiles | Glossary Business Travel | Entrepreneurship | Finance | Franchising | Inventing | Sales | B2B Sales Form Kits | Letter of Intent | Web Sites | Confidentiality | Employment | Consulting | Due Diligence | Demand Letters | Business Guides > See All Business Directory | Quote Center | Partner Resources Featured Videos
How to Turn Your B...
Small Business Suc...
Are You Ready to S...
Wishful Thinking: ...
Checkup on Health ...
Is the End of the ...
How to Market Wise...
NIGERIA - Exploration History.
Publication: APS Review Gas Market Trends
Date: Monday, August 2 1999
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It was in 1908 that a German company, Nigerian Bitumen Corp., began exploring for oil in Nigeria. It operated in the Araromi area, of the present Ondo State, 200 km east of Lagos. The company abandoned its dry, shallow wells there at the start of World War I in 1914. In 1936, Shell D'Arcy was
granted sole rights to explore for hydrocarbons all over Nigeria and prospecting began in 1937. Shell's activities were interrupted by World War II.
Less than two years after World War II ended, Shell in 1947 teamed up with British Petroleum to form a Shell-BP unit in Nigeria. The group discovered oil in 1956 at Oloibiri in the Niger Delta, and production began in 1958 at the rate of 5,100 b/d which was mostly exported. The group realised later that pay zones lay below 1,500 metres. As Nigeria gained independence in 1960, a new government in Lagos limited the group's concession area and invited other companies to explore for oil. They were offered both onshore and offshore blocks.
By 1961, Mobil, Agip, Gulf Oil (now Chevron), Safrap (now Elf), Amoseas (now Texaco/Chevron), Tenneco and others had begun exploration activities both onshore and offshore. Most of them were later to be more successful in offshore areas, while the Shell group had the best onshore fields. The pace of oil discoveries picked up in the subsequent years. Eventually, however, BP left Nigeria and Shell teamed up with other companies (see profiles in Part 2). BP returned to Nigeria 15 years later, in 1993, and signed with Statoil for PSAs to explore deep-water prospects (see above).
A former colony, then a British protectorate from 1914, Nigeria gained its independence from Britain on Oct. 1, 1960. But the Eastern Region seceded on May 30, 1967, leading to a civil war. The self-proclaimed Republic of Biafra was crushed in early 1970. In 1971, as oil became more important to the economy, the state established the Nigerian National Oil Corp. (NNOC) and joined OPEC as the 11th member. It acquired 33 1/3% in Nigerian Agip and 35% in Elf. NNOC ran as an upstream and downstream company and the petroleum ministry had a regulatory function. On April 1, 1977, a merger between NNOC and the ministry created Nigerian National Petroleum Corp. (NNPC). This was to combine the ministry's regulatory role and NNOC's commercial functions: exploration, production, transportation, processing, oil refining and marketing.
The regulatory role was later to be assumed by the Petroleum Inspectorate, a unit of NNPC. But decision makers at NNPC have changed frequently as there have been seven military coups from 1960 to Gen. Abacha's takeover in November 1993, with the only civilian regimes being the Second Republic in 1979-83 and the current one since May 29, 1999. In particular after 1972, every new military ruler wanted to control the oil sector and NNPC's management was affected in one way or another.
Through the years, NNPC has been active in seismic exploration onshore and offshore. Its seismic crew, known as Party X, has made several discoveries such as a field in block OPL-110 in the Niger Delta, the Oredo field, etc. It also carried out work on contract for Phillips Petroleum and other E&P companies in the Chad, Anambra and Benue Basins. But NNPC has depended on the technological capabilities of the major operators, like Shell, Mobil, Gulf (Chevron) and others, which produced the bulk of Nigerian oil and did most of the exploration work.
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